More than half of all opioid prescriptions in the United States are written for people with anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders, according to a new study that questions how pain is treated in this vulnerable population.
People with mood disorders are at increased risk of abusing opioids, and yet they received many more prescriptions than the general population, according to an analysis of data from 2011 and 2013.
“We’re handing this stuff out like candy,” said Dr. Brian Sites, of Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, the senior author of the study. Opioid prescribing in the U.S. quadrupled between 1999 and 2015, and during that time over 183,000 people died from overdoses related to prescription opioids, according to the CDC.
Sites said more research is needed to understand whether opioids are being overprescribed to adults with mood disorders.
“If you want to come up with social policy to address the need to decrease our out-of-control opioid prescribing, this would be the population you want to study, because they’re getting the bulk of the opioids, and then they are known to be at higher risk for the bad stuff,” he said.
The study, published Monday in the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, tapped a U.S. health survey that gathered data from providers and facilities on prescription medications, health status, and basic demographics for about 51,000 adults. It found that 19 percent of the 38.6 million Americans with mood disorders use prescription opioids, compared to 5 percent of the general population — a difference that remained even when the researchers controlled for factors such as physical health, level of pain, age, sex and race.
The analysis showed that adults with mood disorders receive 51 percent of the opioid prescriptions distributed in the U.S., some 60 million prescriptions a year.
It’s unclear why such a discrepancy exists. Sites said it’s possible that patients with mood disorders respond to pain differently, spurring physicians to write more opioid prescriptions; previous research has shown that patients with a history of depression are at increased risk of developing chronic pain. Or physicians might be more sympathetic to patients with preexisting conditions, making them more likely to prescribe opioids. Sites also said that opioids might have a short-term antidepressant effect, which could motivate patients with mood disorders to seek prescriptions.
For Sites, the bottom line is that while opioid prescriptions can be appropriate for individual patients with mood disorders, the study raises concerns about overprescribing on a population scale.
“We need to understand if this massive prescribing level is appropriate in actually providing benefit commensurate with the risk,” said Sites, who collaborated with researchers at the University of Michigan.
He added that physicians need viable alternatives for treating pain, including cognitive behavioral therapy, acupuncture and acupressure, physical therapy, and massage.
“We don’t have the ability to refer and recommend those things easily,” he said, “So the easiest thing right now is to prescribe a pill.”
Jeffrey Scherrer, a professor and epidemiologist at Saint Louis University not involved in the study, was not particularly surprised by the results. “A lot of pain patients attribute their depression to their pain, but there’s a lot of evidence that depression is playing a role in both the experience of pain and the odds of getting an opioid,” he said.
For Dr. Mark Edlund, a senior public health analyst at RTI International who was also not involved in the study, it adds to a growing and worrisome body of evidence that people with mental health disorders who are at higher risk for abusing opioids are also more likely to receive opioid prescriptions.
“There’s an emphasis now on cutting back opioid prescribing,” he said. “Probably just as important is assuring that we’re prescribing the opioids to the right populations, and that we’re doing our risk-benefit analysis on each patient.”
I’ve had kidney stones. I’ve been in the hopsital for bipolar and today I’m so depressed I can hardly stand it. Pain is Pain. They treat kidney stones with pain killers. If you think bipolar or depression, anxiety aren’t painful then try it. Anything that works. Kidney stones hurt immensely. So does depression.
You’re so on target Even people that are close and/or loved ones often don’t understand the pain and misery we go through psychologically and especially when we have severe physical pain
Going after old people with severe conditions that require pain meds is utterly wrong, I’m 75 yrs. old, in my right mind, I take zanax for high anxiety, I DO NOT mix pain meds with it. I have always, only took a half of the pain med because I don’t like drugs. I am not depressed, no meds for depression, don’t need them. I have degenerative disc disease and cervical disc disease plus an aortic aneurysm in my stomach so yes, I get anxiety attacks, wouldn’t you if you thought you could suddenly die at any time, I don’t plan on that happening. It’s not older people who abuse the dam drugs, you need to concentrate on all the illegal crap coming in and lay off honest people who ARE NOT drug addicts. Get your priorities straight and really get to the root of these problems. As far as guns go, what are you people, freaking democrats disarming people………ain’t gonna’ happen. Stop, think and do some real digging before you cause old people with severe pain and you leave no alternative for them, except suicide. Is this your way of getting rid of us? If so, your day will come, growing old with infirmities is a natural part of life, leave us to decide what’s good for us. You’re NOT doctors.
if it wasn’t for opiates I would be dead right now, I use them for severe depression and anxiety, its all a matter of self control, and I was severely suicidal thank god for this poppy plant and cannabis, I would kill myself if the government takes this away or switch to heroin
Having chest discomfort and breathing issues that get better after taking my meds Could my norco be helping anxiety?
Does it really take a genius to understand that chronic pain will cause depression ?
Maybe you need to experience chronic pain to understand. I do not think those who do not experience it realize how over time it isolates one from the rest of the world and leaves one alone in a sea of misunderstanding. Of course one would be depressed.