LOS ANGELES — A healthy lifestyle can cut your risk of developing Alzheimer’s or other forms of dementia even if you have genes that raise your risk for these mind-destroying diseases, a large study has found.
People with high genetic risk and poor health habits were about three times more likely to develop dementia versus those with low genetic risk and good habits, researchers reported Sunday. Regardless of how much genetic risk someone had, a good diet, adequate exercise, limiting alcohol and not smoking made dementia less likely.
“I consider that good news,” said John Haaga of the National Institute on Aging, one of the study’s many sponsors. “No one can guarantee you’ll escape this awful disease” but you can tip the odds in your favor with clean living, he said.
Results were discussed at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in Los Angeles and published online by the Journal of the American Medical Association.
About 50 million people have dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type. Genes and lifestyle contribute to many diseases, but researchers only recently have had the tools and information to do large studies to see how much each factor matters.
One such study a few years ago found that healthy living could help overcome genetic risk for heart disease. Now researchers have shown the same to be true for dementia.
Dr. Elzbieta Kuzma and colleagues at the University of Exeter Medical School in England used the UK Biobank to study nearly 200,000 people 60 or older with no signs or symptoms of dementia at the start. Their genetic risk was classified as high, medium, or low based on dozens of mutations known to affect dementia. They also were grouped by lifestyle factors.
After about eight years of study, 1.8% of those with high genetic risk and poor lifestyles had developed dementia versus 0.6% of folks with low genetic risk and healthy habits.
Among those with the highest genetic risk, just over 1% of those with favorable lifestyles developed dementia compared to nearly 2% of those with poor lifestyles.
One limitation: Researchers only had information on mutations affecting people of European ancestry, so it’s not known whether the same is true for other racial or ethnic groups.
The results should give encouragement to people who fear that gene mutations alone determine their destiny, said Dr. Rudy Tanzi, a genetics expert at Massachusetts General Hospital. Less than 5% of the ones tied to Alzheimer’s are “fully penetrant,” meaning that they guarantee you’ll get the disease, he said.
“That means that with 95% of the mutations, your lifestyle will make a difference,” Tanzi said. “Don’t be too worried about your genetics. Spend more time being mindful of living a healthy life.”
One previous study in Sweden and Finland rigorously tested the effect of a healthy lifestyle by assigning one group to follow one and included a comparison group that did not. It concluded that healthy habits could help prevent mental decline. The Alzheimer’s Association is sponsoring a similar study underway now in the United States.
Healthy living also is the focus of new dementia prevention guidelines that the World Health Organization released in February.
— Marilynn Marchione
I would like to get the symphoms . My great aunt on my father’s side had Alzheimer’s and my father had it. I would like to know if I am going to get it. I am 59. And I believe I do have several of the symptions .I help my mom with my dad from the time thomarin werenwoueyappreciated if eyeybThank eyyoe sure what was wrong to the diagnosis and to his passing away. I am the oldest of 4 girls.any unfr
He’s Alzheimer’s articles or very bizarre
“clean living” ? Is pretty much a judgment call so now people with Alzheimer’s are going to be blamed the way smokers or blamed for having cancer?
there may be some laboratory use for the blood test but It will only harm people s lives to know what’s ahead of them and and that its incurable –Scientists are kidding themselves if they think that’s helpful to patients it’s like being on death row and especially cruel if they don’t have symptoms how pointless