The counter-narrative began almost instantly. After the U.S. count of Covid-19 cases began an inexorable rise in June, the White House sought to assure Americans that the increase was, basically, an illusion, created by an increase in testing for the novel coronavirus.
In a June 15 tweet, President Trump said testing “makes us look bad.” At his campaign rally in Tulsa five days later, he said he had asked his “people” to “slow the testing down, please.” At a White House press conference last week, he told reporters, “When you test, you create cases.”
And in an interview with Fox News that aired Sunday, Trump could not have been clearer: “Cases are up because we have the best testing in the world and we have the most testing.” Basically, the president was arguing that the U.S. had just as many new cases in June and July as it did in May but, with fewer tests being done in May, they weren’t being detected; with more testing now, they are.
A new STAT analysis of testing data for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, however, shows with simple-to-understand numbers why Trump’s claim is wrong. In only seven states was the rise in reported cases from mid-May to mid-July driven primarily by increased testing. In the other 26 states — among the 33 that saw cases increase during that period — the case count rose because there was actually more disease.
May had brought signs of hope that the U.S. had gotten its Covid-19 outbreak under control, with about 20,000 new cases reported per day after April highs closer to 30,000. But by late June, the daily count climbed to about 40,000, and now it’s at about 70,000. The STAT analysis shows that spread of the virus, far more than testing, explains that increase.
Epidemiologists and infectious disease experts have disputed the White House claims for weeks, citing rising hospitalization numbers and deaths. It’s hard to argue that extremely sick people, let alone dead people, had been obscured by low levels of testing but suddenly revealed by higher levels.
Without a doubt, many cases of Covid-19 in March, April, and May weren’t picked up. In late June, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director Robert Redfield told reporters that as many as 90% of cases had been missed; that is, although there were 2.3 million confirmed cases in the U.S. then, some 20 million people had probably been infected. But that reasoning applies today, too: Despite months of government claims to the contrary, not everyone who wants, or should have, a test is getting one.
Cases are going up in the U.S. because we are testing far more than any other country, and ever expanding. With smaller testing we would show fewer cases!
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) June 23, 2020
Simple math belies the “it’s just because of more testing” claim — with some fascinating exceptions.
Using data from Covid Tracking, STAT looked at the number of people tested and the number who tested positive for the disease (cases) in every state and Washington, D.C. We did that for three dates: in mid-May, mid-June, and mid-July. (Due to reporting anomalies, the dates selected sometimes differed by a day or two between states.)
For each date, we calculated the number of cases found per 1,000 tests — a measure of the disease’s prevalence. For example, in Florida on May 13, that rate was 32. On June 13 it was 75. On July 13 it was 193. On May 13, Florida tested 15,159 people; on July 13, it tested 65,567. So indeed, the number of tests has increased.
But the number of cases per thousand, which is independent of the number of tests, has skyrocketed. On May 13, Florida recorded 479 cases; on July 13, it found 12,624. If the prevalence of Covid-19 were the same in July as in May, Florida would have found only 2,098 cases. In other words, 10,526 of the July 13 cases are not due to increased testing, but, instead, to the increased prevalence of disease.
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, however, echoes Trump’s explanation, telling a Saturday press briefing that his state’s soaring caseload is largely the result of more testing of people with no or minimal symptoms. “We’re now capturing a lot of those folks,” he said.
In fact, Florida has seen a sevenfold increase in cases in the past month, said Youyang Gu, who developed a well-respected, machine-learning-based model of Covid-19 whose projections have been quite accurate. “In the same time span, the number of tests only increased by a factor of two,” he said. “Obviously, if you double the testing but the number of cases increased sevenfold, then the virus is clearly spreading.”
The complete data for all 50 states can be found here.
Other states with soaring cases tell the same story as Florida.
In Arizona, the case-finding rate rose from 90 in May to 140 in June to 208 in July. Of its 2,537 cases on July 12, 1,441 were due to increased prevalence.
South Carolina has also experienced a steep rise in prevalence as its case count quintupled: Of the 2,280 cases on July 9, 1,869 were due to rising prevalence, not more testing. Texas and Georgia are similar: rising case counts well beyond increases in testing. In all, 26 states that did more testing in July than in May found more cases because Covid-19 was more prevalent. In 15 of them, the number of cases per 1,000 people tested had more than doubled.
Seven states (Colorado, Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, and Wisconsin) meet the three criteria needed to support Trump’s claim that we’re seeing more cases only, or mostly, because we’re doing more testing. The criteria are doing more tests in July than in May, finding more cases on a typical day in July than May, but seeing the number of cases per 1,000 tests decline or remain unchanged from May to July.
Take Missouri. It’s reporting more cases, but not because the virus is exploding there (despite those crowded holiday scenes at Lake of the Ozarks). Its case finding rate has been pretty stable or even declining, from 48 in mid-May to 44 in mid-July. By tripling its number of daily tests, Missouri is finding roughly triple the number of cases.
California comes close to meeting the three criteria, but doesn’t quite. Its number of daily tests more than quadrupled from May to July, from roughly 32,000 to 137,000. But the rate of cases being found has risen, though only about 10%, from 55 to 61 per 1,000 tests. So a big reason — but not the main reason, as in Missouri — more cases are being found is that more testing is being done. Washington is similar: more testing, more cases, but also slightly greater prevalence of disease in mid-July compared to mid-May; its worsening situation is real.
New York tells the opposite story: more testing found fewer cases. The state nearly doubled its daily tests from May 13 (33,794) to July 12 (62,418). But its cases fell from 2,176 to 557. If the case rate had not dropped (by 86 %), New York’s expanded testing would have found 3,995 cases on July 12.
In fact, 16 states plus the District of Columbia are like New York. They tested much more, but found fewer cases in July than May — in most, not only “fewer” in the sense of fewer cases per 1,000 but fewer in absolute terms. New Jersey reported 10,246 tests and 1,144 cases on May 14, and 20,846 tests with a mere 393 new cases on July 14. Again, the virus hasn’t disappeared, but the expansion of testing, far from “creating” cases, has brought good news: In these states, it’s much less prevalent than it was two months ago.
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How many are non infective? If they have a remnant of RNA they’ll test positive.There’s much bull crap going around and everyone wants to make it political.Put a mask on and get back to work.
People with a normal cold are testing positive. The test are really poor. This is the medical industry screwing us all around. Screw them. In the USA thye pay 17.7% of gdp for health , Australia and the UK pay 9% and we live 3-5 years longer. Its a rip-off. Pharma spends the most on lobbying and thats has caused you to get such bad value, time to stop that.
Interesting article, Sharon.
But…………
Masks, tests, second wave, infections are all the ‘dead cat on the table’.
There are far bigger questions.
I want to know:
Why was 99.8% of a healthy population quarantined?
Why was over 50% of deaths with ‘suspected’ COVID19 in “care” homes.
What Was Done To Try And Reduce those Deaths In “Care” Homes.
Why were no autopsies done.
Why was the probability of dying from SAR-CoV2 almost Zero in the age group 0 – 64 years.
Why was taxpayer money spent on creating hospital beds in stadia/shopping malls which were never used.
What constitutes a death from SARS-CoV2 in a “care” home.
What is a COVID19 case.
When do you stop being a COVID19 case.
Why were GP surgeries effectively closed.
Why were surgical appointments postponed.
Why were regular medical treatments postponed.
Why were regular medical checkups postponed.
Why did GP’s and hospitals not follow up on people most at risk. (Over 75)
WHY were illegal Do Not Resuscitate orders allowed.
Why were people allowed to die with cancer, alzhiemers and other diseases, at home and alone.
Why was the NHS allowed to work at half capacity for so long whilst people were dying at home.
Why did A&E visits drop by over 50% during lockdown.
Why did ambulance calls fall by 40% during lockdown.
Why were so many NHS staff and “care” home staff allowed to be off work during lockdown.
Why are NHS and “care” home staff described as heroes.
What is a “key” worker.
Why were schools closed when no child has been known to die from a SARS-CoV2 infection.
Why were children denied an education.
Why were children not allowed to take exams.
Why were so many healthy people put out of work.
Why were so many small businesses put out of business.
Why were Western economies wrecked.
Why were television adverts from banks to hair product filmed as if they were shot on mobile phones.
What is the prevalence of “infection”.
What is the percentage of susceptible people given the low probability of dying.
What is the probability of testing positive and actually being positive.
etc. and etc.
Why are 70% of world deaths attributed to SARS-CoV2 from just 8 countries?
Bearing in mind that one of these countries is India with 0.003% of deaths in a population of over 1.3 billion.
This is from a British perspective.
Perhaps you need to do some more in-depth research.
You aren’t really taking into account that only the most symptomatic people were getting tests early on. Therefore you’re assuming the population would have the same positivity rate for both samples, when really the first sample would have been much lower had the tests been given randomly or even with equal discretion as they were for the later tests. The tests were given with even more discretion early on in states without outbreaks, which is likely why California is so different in your calculation. Your calculation assumes that the initial high positivity rate from testing only those with severe symptoms would be the same for later tests.
Taking that into account, your estimates of how many the current cases are due to case growth, and not increased testing, are likely considerable underestimates. There would likely be far more people with illness from increased prevalence if it were a true random sample for both test groups. Furthermore, this your underestimate is probably more profound with states hit hard early on such as California due to how restrictive they had to be with their initial tests since they had many more people sick and fewer tests per 100k population.
I live in Florida. I am over 70. I could not get a test. I tried filling out requests for testing 3x. But, because I didn’t have symptoms I was refused a test. So why are you surprised that the number of positives goes up in Florida when you have to have symptoms of the virus before getting access to a test? Basically, this is cherry picking your outcome which will inevitably distort the statistics. Sort of like Gerrymandering for votes…..just sayin’.
Perhaps it was all the looting rioting and mayhem which caused the rise. What no mention of that?It must not fit the narrative since this is only science based.
Bad Data In = Bad Data Out
When ONE Confirmed Case becomes SEVENTEEN (17) Probable Cases and reported in the TOTAL Case Count…maybe one day STAT NEWS can actually do some INVESTIGATING instead of blindly accepting numbers.
*not holding my breath*
AGREED
I think the likely answers are: 1) Because of the increased testing, the number testing positive went over 10 out of 100k. 2) The percent positive went up since July 15th. 3) The combination of factors 1 and 2 knocked them over the 10/100k threshold.
In fact, the numbers may have been on a downward slope in mid-June, but were already sloping upwards by mid-July. Perhaps this was fueled by people becoming less cautious and/or the lifting of some restrictions, both of which produce mostly delayed reactions in the numbers. Plus there’s a delay in when the numbers make it into the databases for decision-makers to see.
This could highlight a problem of just sampling points in time without tracking more granularly: it may be comparing two points in a parabolic curve without seeing the slope at each point. For an inverse example: Compare one point in NYC mid-March with one point in mid-April and you’ll get a different story depending on the exact days that you choose, but never the crucial point that the city passed over the top of the spike in the interim. It would take three measurements over the course of a parabola,( an upwards or downwards wave,) to detect it. But they have to be accurate, which brings me to my next point.
There are also two more issues: A) The weekly sharp dip in testing, at least where I’ve observed, on Sat-Sun. That can be solved by using 7-day rolling averages, or by making sure you’re comparing the same day of the week. B) The natural deviation in all numbers from day to day, which can be solved by taking at least a 3-day rolling average.
Hope this helps others in their analyses.
Wrong, wrong, wrong! The statistical relationship (r square) between numbers tested and number of confirmed cases is .93! It means that there is a 93% direct relationship between testing and cases, leaving a 7% error in the data. Look it up.
Using data from each state to compare or proving anything is, at best, misleading. Every state is suffering and managing the problem differently. At worst your information smacks of unabated political bias.
Your math on Covid 19 does not make sense. Do you have an agenda?